A Spectrogram

     retains the time information that a partial spectrum loses. There are many different methods that generate a spectrogram, so there is no easy way of saying how the frequency and time interact. For example, the simplest spectrogram involves taking windows of a sample, and then performing the FFT on this sample. The usual way to display them is with frequency on the Y axis, and time on the X axis, then the strength of frequency component represented by the color.